Saturday, April 18, 2026

PT-1 “The Historical Setting” (Luke 3:1-2a)

 

MORNING SPIRITUAL DIARY FOR 4/18/2026 10:18 AM

My Worship Time                                                                 Focus: PT-1 “The Historical Setting”

Bible Reading & Meditation                                                                   Reference:  Luke 3:1-2a

            Message of the verses:  “Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philp was tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Tachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene, in the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas,”

            As we begin this third chapter of Luke, he includes seven individuals, five Gentiles and two Jews, in providing the background for the ministries of John and Jesus.  Now his purpose in introducing them was not to provide an exact chronology, but rather a general historical context.  Now the first name he mentions is Tiberius Caesar, illustrates that fact, because there are two plausible ways of determining the fifteenth year of his reign.  There are some who argue that Tiberius’s reign as emperor began at the death of his illustrious predecessor Augustus Caesar, Rome’s first emperor, now we looked at him when we studied Luke 2:1 earlier in this study of Luke.  Now since Augustus died on August 19, A.D. 14, that would mean John’s ministry began in A.D. 29.  “The more traditional view counts the fifteen years not from Augustus’s death in A.D. 14, but from A.D. 11, when Tiberius became his co-regent.  John’s ministry would then have commenced in A.D. 26.”

            He goes on to write “While it is impossible to be dogmatic, the latter view best harmonizes with the chronology of the New Testament (cf. The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, s.v., “Chronology of the New Testament’; Lewis A. Foster, ‘The Chronology of the New Testament’ in Frank E. Gaebelein, ).ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 1 [Grand Rapids; Zondervan 1979].  There are also several specific arguments in favor of starting the fifteen years in A.D. 11 when Tiberius became co-regent.”

            I realize that this is technical things that MacArthur is writing, but I suppose that is one of the reasons that I enjoy his commentaries.  He goes on to write “First, he reference to the co-regency of Annas and Caiaphas as high priests (see the discussion below) suggests that Luke may also have had the co-regency of Augustus and Tiberius in mind.

            “Second, according to the first-century Jewish historian Josephus, Herod the Great began building the temple in 19 B.C. In John 2:20, the Jewish leaders said to Jesus, who was in Jerusalem for the Passover, that the temple had been under construction for forty-six years.  That would make the date of the Passover A.D. 27, which in turn places the start of Jesus’ public ministry late in A.D. 26.

            “Finally, according to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old when He began His public ministry.  Since He was born shortly before the death of Herod in 4 B.C., Jesus would have been about thirty in A.D. 26. 

            “Moving from the supreme ruler of the Roman Empire to the highest-ranking local Roman authority, Luke next introduced Pontius Pilate, who had been appointed the fifth governor of Judea by Tiberius in A.D.  26 and remained until he was removed from office in A.D. 36.  The Gospels and extrabiblical sources portray Pilate as proud, arrogant, and cynical (cf. John 18:38), and also weak and vacillating.”

(cf. John 18:38)

“38 Pilate said to him, "What is truth?" After he had said this, he went back outside to the Jews and told them, "I find no guilt in him.”

Notice the highlighted portion and one can wonder what, since Pilate had the Son of God who knows everything why he asked the question but did not stay around for the answer.

“As governor, Pilate displayed insensitivity and brutality (cf. Luke 13:1).”

(cf. Luke 13:1)

“1 ¶  There were some present at that very time who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices.”

“Reversing the policy of the earlier governors, Pilate marched his troops into Jerusalem carrying standards bearing images that the Jews viewed as idolatrous.  Outraged, many protested heatedly against what they saw as a sacrilege.  Pilate ignored their protests and ordered them, on pain of death, to stop bothering him.  But they called his bluff and dared him to carry out his threat.  Unwilling to massacre so many people, Pilate removed the offending standards. The story reveals his poor judgment, stubbornness, arrogance, and vacillating weakness.  Pilate also engaged the Jews when he took money from the temple treasury to build an aqueduct to bring water to Jerusalem.  In the ensuing riots, his soldiers beat and slaughtered many of the protesters.”  As I look at the writing from MacArthur about Pilate it reminds me of a story that MacArthur wrote about that happened after Pilate died, from committing suicide when his body was thrown into the Tiber River.  Now some say that when his body was thrown into the Tiber River that it caused supernatural disturbances, leading it to be moved to Vienna (France) and eventually near Lucerne, Switzerland.  These are stories and not sure that they are true, but it is known that Pilate was the man that went along with the Jews to have Jesus killed, and must have had some very bad mental effects on him, so it is no wonder he committed suicide.

            “Ironically, the incident that finally triggered Pilate’s removal from office involved not the Jews, but their hated rivals the Samaritans.  A group of them decided to climb Mount Gerizim in search of golden objects Moses had supposedly hidden on its summit.  Mistakenly thinking the Samaritans were insurrectionists, Pilate ordered his troops to attack them, and many were killed.  The Samaritans complained about Pilate’s brutality to his immediate superior, the governor of Syria.  He removed Pilate from office and ordered him to Rome to be judged by Tiberius, but Tiberius died before Pilate reached Rome.  At that point, Pilate disappeared from history.  Some accounts claim that he was banished, others that he was executed, still other that he committed suicide.”

Spiritual Meaning for my Life Today:  God is in control as I can see from my study of Luke how He brought different people to be a part of the birth of His Son, godly people and now His ministry will shortly begin something that I am thankful to continue to read and study about it.

My Steps of Faith for Today:  Trust the Lord to bring revival to me so that my life will be pleasing to God, as right now things are seemingly not well with what is going on.

4/18/2026 11:20 AM

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